The American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry reveals that the desire for whiter teeth tops the list when individuals are asked about improving their smiles. Concurrently, 90% of respondents to the American Association of Orthodontists express a desire for tooth whitening. Stains from beverages like coffee, tea, and red wine, attributed to color pigments called chromogens, can adhere to the enamel and cause discoloration, as reported by the American Dental Association (ADA).
The enamel, the tooth’s outer layer, can thin with age, revealing the softer dentin beneath, which may alter the tooth’s color. Tobacco compounds like tar and nicotine also contribute to staining, with nicotine turning yellowish upon exposure to oxygen. Additionally, certain medications, such as antihistamines, antipsychotics, and some high blood pressure drugs, can darken teeth. Discoloration may also result from exposure to antibiotics during infancy or from cancer treatments like chemotherapy and head and neck radiation.
To address teeth discoloration, products containing hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide are commonly used, breaking down stains into smaller particles. However, not all types of discoloration respond equally to whitening treatments. Yellow teeth generally bleach well, while brown or gray teeth may not respond as effectively. It’s important to note that whitening does not work on caps, veneers, crowns, or fillings, and its effectiveness may be limited on teeth altered by injury or medications, according to the ADA.
For those seeking whiter teeth, dentists can provide guidance on available options.
In-office bleaching, requiring only one visit, involves the application of a protective gel or rubber shield to the gums before applying bleach to the teeth. Alternatively, dentists can provide custom-made trays for at-home use, allowing individuals to whiten their teeth at a more gradual pace with professional guidance. Over-the-counter bleaching products, available online or in retail stores, offer a convenient but lower-concentration option compared to professional dental treatments.
While tooth whitening may cause sensitivity, typically temporary, users are advised to delay treatment if irritation occurs. The ADA warns against overuse of whiteners, emphasizing the potential for damage to tooth enamel or gums, urging individuals to exercise caution and follow professional advice.
